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oyatoi gaikokujin

Definition: The oyatoi gaikokujin were mostly foreign experts hired to assist with the modernization of Japan. The problem was that many of them were missionaries, and while competent, were not leaders in their field. Edward S. Morse recommended candidates such as Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (a distinguished American physicist), Ernest Francisco Fenollosa (educator), and Charles Otis Whitman (an ornithologist who became Morse's successor).

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Pronounced:

おやといがいこくじん

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Oyatoi gaikokujin and the Foreign Communities


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